Sun poisoning Essay Example

Sun poisoning Paper The current belief of postmodernism Is that a correct and precise description of reality Is Impossible. The truth, said by Unlatched, Is Limited and constantly evolving. There Is a focus on the deconstruction and fragmentation of novels, paintings and general art and because of that, it is nearly impossible to give a clear definition of the term post-modernism. Authors such as Hark Murrain and Michael Strung Summary of the text The short story Sun poisoning is about a couple, whom we never get a name for, hat is going on a vacation to Haiti after the boyfriend has finished an art show in New York and decides that both of them need to get away. The story focuses on the girlfriend who isnt too happy about going on vacation because she thinks that It Is a lot more hard work than just staying at home. The girlfriend complains a lot about the food and general location of their hotel and Is not really pleased with their vacation. We will write a custom essay sample on Sun poisoning specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Sun poisoning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Sun poisoning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer One day her boyfriend falls Ill and sleeps all day and the girlfriend Is mad at him for leaving her alone, but the next day, when they are about to eat dinner, the relined falls ill herself and has been sun poisoned from laying on the beach too much and for the rest of the vacation she has to wear long pants, shirts, a cap and shoes and she can barely walk three steps without her body burning. The story end with an ironic note about the, in the girlfriends eyes, crappy three man band that only knows two song. Characterization The girlfriend We do not get a name for her, nor do we get an exact age, but I would think that she is around the late twenties or early thirties because she has a boyfriend, not a husband and because she cares a lot about how she looks. She is a woman who eels out of place In her body. She Is the protagonist of the short story and Is very negative. She doesnt really get the whole female thing with waxing ones legs and removing body oils and then spreading different oils all over ones body. Since you are kind of reading the womans thoughts in the short story you can tell that she is very ironic. 4 She does not like talking to new people as she drags her boyfriend away from Michael and Linda; a couple they met when they saw a bush fire on the other side of the bay. The boyfriend We do not get a lot of information about the boyfriend in the short story but he mess a lot more optimistic than his girlfriend. He is the antagonist of the short story. He is a painter, an artist, who Just had a show in New York and needed to get away. He is creative and has a sense of humor and takes good care of his girlfriends Analysis The setting of the short story Is partly In New York, when they are getting ready and In Halt when they are on vacation The story Is written In a Second person narrative seeing as the pronoun you is used frequently to describe the plot of the story and Girlfriend and her inner self and the problems and conflicts she has inside, as she goes not feel comfortable in her female body. She feels like she doesnt belong in her body and would much rather be a man, because she thinks that it would be a lot easier. The language and form of the short story is very fragmented and very much like a stream of consciousness from the main characters point of view. Fragmentation is also an important trait in post-modernism. Interpretation You can interpret the woman as to having an identity crisis, which many people had in the eighties because of the new form of industrialization caused by MET, the origin of music videos and there became a lot more focus on ones appearance and body. The androgynous look came in to fashion and it developed a more blurry line between the two sexes. The woman in the short story does not feel at home in her own body as a female and would much rather be a man because it seems like less of a hassle. She feels as if her female appearance is a faded . Putting the text into perspective As seen in the poem Interferer by Susan Hamlin, seen on our curriculum. The truth is unstable. The main person in the poem sends a virtual bouquet of flowers and it depicts the fragmentation of the world and the new industrialization. Conclusion Post-modernism comes to a strange conclusion that; We can image things that do not physically exist We cannot image things that do physically exist. Therefore to summarize; The text Sun poisoning gives a view of reality by ONE woman who has her doubts about who she is. She imagines things about herself that do not physically exist, her doubt, her sex, her identity. Post-modernism tries to break up with the traits of modernism; the feeling of the big city and the industrialization. In post-modernism there is a universal truth that is open for interpretation and re-interpretation. The truth simply becomes unstable.

How did the quality assurance milestones of 1911-2001 change industry

How did the quality assurance milestones of 1911-2001 change industry How did the quality assurance milestones of 1911-2001 change industry practices in the United States? How did the quality assurance milestones of 1911-2001 change industry practices in the United States? There was a time when only one highly skilled craftsman would plan and execute a specific product. Traditional views of quality management would wait to inspect products after they were made. However, milestones have changed industry practices in the United States. Many changes in quality assurance began with Frederick Taylor, also known as the father of scientific management, (Goetsch & Davis, 2013). Taylor basically eliminated the practice of just one skilled craftsman by separating planning and execution. This led to quality engineering in the 1920s which meant that quality assurance relied on statistics and charts. Reliability engineering was introduced in the 1950s and 1960 and this concept tried to maintain quality throughout the design and production process versus inspecting a product after it was produced. World War II also became a major milestone in the United States that affected quality. The U.S. was more focused on quantity and deadlines than quality. However, Japanese companies became very concerned with producing quality products and had gained a reputation as being leaders in producing quality products (Goetsch & Davis, 2013). Western companies realized at this time, that quality was a very important concept especially in a global market. During this time, around the 1940s, W. Edwards Deming also demonstrated the importance of statistical quality control. Although Demings idea of the Fourteen Points and the Seven Deadly Diseases were not adopted by the United States at first, the United States finally did acknowledge Demings concepts around the 1980s. Joseph M. Juran also contributed to the milestones of quality assurance in the United States by introducing the Three Basic Steps to Progress, Ten Steps to Quality Improvement, The Pareto Principle, and the Juran Trilogy. His philosophy was to find ways to continue to improve quality. He also developed the 80/20 rule which suggests that 80 percent of the issues come from 20 percent of the problems (SUO, 2012). Phillip B. Crosby was an advocate for zero-defects. Crosby had his own quality consulting firm until 2001 when he passed away. He also recognized for his Quality Vaccine and Crosbys Fourteen Steps to Quality Improvement. According to our notes, the milestones set by these visionary leaders of quality management have not only been instruments in the development of quality in the United States, but they have had a remarkable impact on the evolution of quality management internationally (SUO, 2012). Which quality leader do you think had the greatest impact during this timeframe? Explain your answer in real-life examples. Although all the leaders mentioned had an impact on quality assurance, I think that Joseph Juran had the greatest impact during this timeframe. Many companies still resort to Jurans book, the Quality Control Handbook, as a reference for quality and performance improvement (www.juran.com). His theories evolved into the Lean and Six Sigma that is used by manufacturing companies like Xerox. What, according to you, are the accomplishments of quality leader W. Edwards Deming and Joseph M. Juran? What are the differences in the methods and techniques suggested by them? I believe that Demings biggest accomplishments were that he was not only concerned with the quality of products or services; he was also concerned with developing better ways for people to work together. His philosophy of continuous improvement included that of the individual as well as organizations. Deming felt that focus should be given to one person but to the group as a whole. Jurans accomplishment was the 80/20 principle which managers still rely on today. The theory is that 80 percent of outcomes are based on 20 percent of events. The difference between Deming and Juran is that Deming believed that no one person was at fault for product defects. Whereas Juran, believed that organizations should eliminate the few sources that cause the majority of the problems (Goetsch & Davis, 2013). References: Goetsch, D.L. Bookshelf.} Retrieved from http:// myeclassonline. South University Online (2012). BUS4101: Quality Management: Week 1: Total Quality. Retrieved from http://myeclassonline.

Debunking the myth of NGOs (non-government organizations) Essay

Debunking the myth of NGOs (non-government organizations) - Essay Example ?s global justice movement and colonial amnesia† the role of NGOs in Canada, even the Left-leaning ones, is in acknowledging and supporting the indigenous struggles. The NGOs have failed to acknowledge the link between colonialism and neoliberalism though they have acknowledged the latter as their enemy. According to Choudry, the Left-leaning NGOs in Canada do not acknowledge or support the struggles by indigenous people against neoliberalism. In order to substantiate this claim, Choudry points out that the issues of Indigenous people in Canada gained international attention as is evident from the fact that the 2008 UN Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women urged Canada to conduct special inquiry into the atrocities against the indigenous women in Canada. Still, it is surprising to note that none of the so-called Left-leaning NGOs showed any interest or supported the struggles of the indigenous people. The reason for this is found by Choudry in the fact that even the Left NGOs are unable to acknowledge the existing element of colonialism in Canada, and hence, they adopt a ‘White progressive economic nationalist’ position. Thus, the NGOs fail to acknowledge the negative consequences of neoliberalism which surrounds them in various forms. While promoting baseless claims of nation-building, they fail to look into, or understand, the importance of the indigenous struggles. Choudry turns the eyes of the reader towards a factor that often goes unnoticed. That is nations like Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S are all colonies in nature, and in all these nations, the indigenous people are in the struggle to preserve their land and sovereignty. However, the NGOs, and the Left in general, think that the struggle by the indigenous peoples for the right to self-determination has nothing to do with the global justice movement. Thus, the NGOs in Canada tend to identify the transnational corporations, powerful governments and political

Ergonomics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ergonomics - Essay Example Standards† written by O’Neill (2011) detailed the specifications for seating conformance to include elements such as the chair to the used, the chair seat height, the seat width, seat pan depth, seat pan tilt, the seat pan-backrest angle, and lumbar support. The detailed specifications, based on O’Neill’s (2011) discourse are as follows: (1) chair shall support the user’s back and thighs and must have a backrest that reclines; (2) the chair seat height shall be adjustable according to the user’s need to as much as â€Å"a range of 4.5 inches between 15 and 22 inches† (ONeill, 2011, p. 3); (3) the seat width shall meet the specified width of at least 17.7 inches; and (4) there shall be a support for the lumbar, as needed. The visual or eye standards should incorporate distance between the user and the monitor display. According to the Department of Energy (DOE) (2008), in the article entitled â€Å"Creating a Healthy Workstation Environment: Workstation Ergonomics Made Easy†, the optimum distance between the user’s eyes and the visual display by operators in seating position is 600 mm (Department of Energy (DOE), 2008, p. 7). Likewise, it was noted that special computer glasses that would assist in preventing eye fatigue and vision problems for long hours of monitoring visual displays shall be considered. It has been emphasized that the effectiveness of performance on undertaking monitoring of visual displays is affected by lighting. In this situation, it was stipulated that the operator does the monitoring in a dark room. According to ergonomic standards, light requirements actually vary depending on the performance of tasks. Since the operator focuses on monitoring visual displays from the computer, which already self-illuminating, less light is actually needed; but, it would help to provide focused task lighting (â€Å"a separate lamp†) (Department of Energy (DOE), 2008, p. 21) to assist in other tasks and prevent creating a totally dark

Global Financial Crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Global Financial Crisis - Essay Example From the early 90’s, the United States has been experiencing economic expansion of the highest magnitude. During this period, it’s real Gross Domestic Product increased by 32.9 percent or 3.6% annual growth rate. The major reason for this expansion is consumption. Consumption is responsible for 75% of GDP which has been on the rise at an annual rate of 3.8 percent. What fuelled this increase in consumption is the consumer credit spending. Since the consumer disposable income increased at a slower rate than consumption, people began to spend on credit. The housing bubble is another key reason for growth in the United States economy. The housing growth did not only lead to booming in the construction industry. The machinery sector increased also. Employment in the real estate was high and mortgage industry ballooned. However during the 2006-2009 financial crisis, mortgage and the real estate credit decreased by 53 and 44 percent, respectively. This led to another sharp de cline in the United States economy. The military budget is another factor in the American economy. The military budget has been on the rise particularly after September 11. The military represents a direct demand to the United States government. An increase in its spending increases production levels and creates employment to many people. When these employees spend their income, it further increases jobs and income to other people. However, spending on the military does not mean it necessary stimulate the economy. Military spending was able to stimulate the economy during the 1950s when urge for weapons was high than now. The economy needed such stimulation; with the growth of credit over the last several years, United States economic problems lie within the area of innovation and investment (David 15). Military spending has also affected the supply side of the Americans economy. Military spending reduces the ability of the United States economy to develop new goods and renovate its production technology. Countries that have an increased level of military spending tend to have low investment rates. Bankruptcy is another factor that plays a vital role in the United States economy. Bankruptcy benefits the economy since giving debtors ways of discharging their debts should encourage more borrowing and spending of funds. Consumer bankruptcy has affected the United States economy negatively. When there is a high rate of consumer bankruptcy, consumer’s confidence declines, and their spending reduces. This increases the consumer’s savings rate. Increased consumer savings reduce corporate investments, which lead to job cuts. Higher unemployment rates lead to an economic downturn. The economy of the United States has periodically been witnessing numerous downfalls particularly after September 11. There has been extensive financial crisis and housing disaster, but all in all the economy has managed to hold on as the World super power. It is not as secret t hat the people charged with ensuring that the financial system is stable in the United States helped cause the 2007-10 crises. The Financial Guardians in the United States and Europe established policies that encouraged adverse credit allocation, and a lot of risk taking by their financial institutions. They still stood by the same policies even after learning of the impending financial

The Code Of Hammurabi History Essay

The Code Of Hammurabi History Essay Almost 4,000 years ago, King Hammurabi ruled the kingdom of Babylon, a part of Mesopotamia. He gave the world one of its oldest sets of laws. Archaeologists found the Code (collection of laws) of Hammuraabi carved on a black stone slab. An eye for an eye was the rule of the day. People who hurt others could expect the same fate or worse. The code also dealt with business and civilization issues. An example of Hammurabis code: If a builder builds a house for someone and does not construct it properly, and the house which he built falls in and kills its owner, then that builder shall be put to death. The collection of rules was compiled toward the end of the forty-three year reign of Hammurabi (r. 1792-1750 B.C.E.), sixth ruler of the First Dynasty of Babylon, the king who directed the great political expansion of the empire and organized a complex and sophisticated government and military bureaucracy to administer it. He defeated powerful rival kingdoms and extended his political and diplomatic influence throughout the ancient Near East. The code of Hammurabi is the longest and best organized of the law collections from Mesopotamia. It draws on the traditions of earlier law collections and doubtless influenced those that came later. The composition consists of a lengthy prologue, between 275 and 300 law provisions, and an epilogue. The prologue stresses the gods appointment of Hammurabi as ruler of his people, his role as guardian and protector of the weak and powerless, and his care and attention to the cultic needs of the patron deities of the many cities incorporated into his realm. The laws of this composition, inscribed on imposing black stone stelas, stand as evidence of Hammurabis worthiness to rule. The complex first provision of the Laws of Hammurabi (LH) involve homicide and serve to establish immediately the states right to impose the death penalty on a subject: LH 1 If a man accuses another man and charges him with homicide but then cannot bring proof against him, his accuser shall be killed. In formulating LH 1 in this manner, a number of pieces of information about the legal system are revealed: that a private individual (and not necessarily only an official body or officer) may bring charges against another person; that such charges must be substantiated in some way; and that a false accuser suffers the penalty he sought for his intended victim. The epilogue emphasizes the king as military leader who brings peace to his subjects. It explicitly states that these laws were inscribed on a stela and publicly displayed in order to testify to Hammurabis righteous and just rule, to bring consolation to anyone seeking justice, and to serve as an example for future rulers. It seeks blessings for Hammurabi from his successors and the beneficiaries of his legacy; it blesses them if they treat his Stella and laws with respect; and it brings down the terrible curses of the great gods against any who would violate the path Hammurabi opened or who would mutilate or desecrate his monument. The LH is known from numerous manuscripts, copied and recopied over the centuries in the scribal centers of Mesopotamia. The most complete and famous exemplar is the black stone stela, now housed in the Musee du Louvre, Paris, excavated in 1901-1902 by archaeological teams working in the ancient Elamite capital Susa. The stela, one of several that were erected in Babylonian cities, was taken as booty to Susa in the twelfth century B.C.E. by the Elamite ruler Shutruk-Nahhunte I, probably from Sippar, from which he also plundered monuments of other Mesopotamian rulers. The Louvre stela, which forms the basis of every edition of the Laws, is a pillar of diorite almost seven and a half feet tall. On the top, covering almost one-third of the stela, is an imposing scene of the sun-god Shamash, god of justice, seated on his throne, and standing before him the king Hammurabi. The precise interpretation of this scene-that the god is dictating the laws to the king, or that the king is offering the laws to the god, or that the king is accepting the rod and ring that are the emblems of temple-building and sovereignty-is debated, but the iconographic message it communicated to even the illiterate must have been clear: King Hammurabi and the god of justice Shamash together protect the people of Babylonia. The physically imposing Louvre stela, like other monumental inscriptions of its time, is inscribed in an archaic ductus and in the direction employed earlier, before the script was turned ninety degrees counterclockwise; the visual impact of the script and the orientation, along with the archaizing, literary language used in the prologue and epilogue that frame the collection of rules, magnify the authority of the composition. The columns of the text inscribed on the stela are written in bands across the front and then the back of the circumference, beginning immediately below the throne of the god Shamash; the prologue and epilogue each occupy about five columns, and the series of legal provisions occupies about forty-one columns. The changes during Old Babylonian period involved agriculture and landscapes, relevant old Babylonian records, socio-economic trends, local notables and officials and also notable women. The Tigris and Euphrates continued to be, the most actively shaping forces in ongoing, incessant processes of landscape formation and alteration. During late spring, floods, course avulsions were common through breaches in the river banks. Canal construction, whether for irrigation or for boat and barge bulk transport, has always been a significant contributing factor. Shifting overall pattern of canalized water withdrawals also contribute to second-order instabilities far downstream of particular instances of human intervention. Maps illustrating current, still evolving understandings of Tigris-Euphrates courses for the upper alluvium in Ur III Old Babylonian times can be found for the northern alluvium. At around the end of Ur III, there is good evidence of major westward movements of some Euphrat es courses, and also of apparently substantial reductions in the ancient Idigna branch of the Tigris. The extension of much of the entire field of communications from state-controlled circles to wider, more heterogeneous, unofficial and private ones introduces the issue of agency. The agency probably does also induces a less narrowly focused interest in the products of routinized bureaucracy and opens the way to pursue ancient life-histories and to map their interactions systematically. Several major socioeconomic features characterize the Old Babylonian period. The first and most ominous, mainly in the northern alluvium, was the onset of a growing impoverishment of the general population of agriculturalists. Land was at first widely for sale there, but as disparities grew a stratum of relatively wealthy creditors made its appearance. As holdings became even more concentrated in the hands of large organizations throughout Babylonia, and as palace and temple interconnections with these private bodies were forcefully supported by the king,the trends seem to have converged. Van de Mieroop is surely right to caution us that a constant interaction between rural and urban populations must have existed, and an antagonism between the two should not be assumed An informal and unattested, as well as a formal flow of goods and acts of reciprocity was vital to both. Meanwhile, the convenience and flexibility of transactions conducted in silver led to a withering of royal interest in active economic intervention. The palace no longer generally accepted payments in kind. A council of elders (Ã…Â ¡Ãƒ Ã¢â€š ¬botum) and popular assemblages (alum, karum, puIrum) became strong enough to have survived later even under Hammurabis overbearing control as community organs of self-government that coexisted with the state. Judges (who acted not individually but collectively) played a part, as sometimes did royal representatives with consensual dicisions on peace and war. While men were the most active in business, some women collaborated with their husbands in real estate, slave and adoption transactions, and in jointly obtaining loans. Widows maintained some control of joint property after their husbands death, and sons were obliged to support them during their lifetime.

Orthopedic Surgery :: Health, Treatment

In orthopedic surgery, iliac bone graft which is commonly used for treatment nonunion or spinal fusion is contained multipotential stem cells or mesenchymal progenitor cells. These cells are found approximately 1 in 10,000 nucleated cells in the bone marrow. Friedenstein et al. (1970) reported that a rare population of cells was found by plastic-adherent ability (Friedenstein et al., 1970). These cells are capable of proliferation and mesenchymal lineages differentiation (Pittenger et al., 1999, Caplan, 1991). Unique antigens of MSCs (hMSCs) are controversy and the limited popularity of sorting cells techniques are not as widely used as gradient media in MSC isolation. Most MSC populations have been isolated by plastic adherent ability which is similar to that originally used by Friedenstein. Direct BM plating method is commonly used for cells from small animal (Lennon and Caplan, 2006, Nadri et al., 2007) but in human bone marrow, Density gradient centrifugation is the mo st commonly used method for isolating MSCs. So far, it is still controversy to exactly identify of MSC. According to their capability of proliferation and multilineage differentiation, Colony-forming unit–fibroblast (CFU-F) is defined as highly adherent in colony of fibroblastic-like cells which arising from one mother cell. Thus, CFU-F assay have been used to assess the bone marrow progenitors and The number of colonies formed per a total number of marrow cells seeded or the colony-forming efficiency (CFE), thereby the CFU-F content among marrow cells, representing in vitro enumeration of a clonogenic subset of in vivo marrow stromal cell populations. However, it has been demonstrated that CFU-F populations are not homogeneous but rather contain a hierarchy of progenitors including multipotential mesechymal stem cells and committed progenitors (Friedenstein et al., 1992, Latsinik et al., 1986). Several surface makers which expressing from mesenchymal stem cells. Basically, these makers are the cell receptors, adhesion molecules, extracellular matrix proteins, cytokines and other molecules that have function as a way of communicating with other cells and to carry out their physiological functions. Thus, these makers are adopted to characterize the homogenous mesenchymal stem cells. However, the Bone marrow-derived stem cells expression of different surface markers which are still controversy. These cells have a negative expression of CD45 which express in Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) (McKinney-Freeman et al., 2009), CD14 which express in innate immune cells (Cros et al.

Inustrial/organizational psychology worksheet Essay

1. Describe the evolution of the field of industrial/organizational psychology. The area of Industrial and organizational psychology was created in the eighteen-hundreds out of experimental psychology (Spector, 2012). The creators of Industrial and organizational psychology were Walter-Dill Scott, Hugo Munsterberg, and also James Mckeen Cattel. These three creators of Industrial and Organizational psychology brought both the findings as well as the application of mental ethics into the area of businesses. When industrial and organizational psychology first started the aim was to enhance businesses organizational efficiency and productivity, mostly by employing psychology with an importance on specific dissimilarities, throughout ones selection and also their training. Throughout the earlier years of this type of psychology its main emphasis was on the industrial side (Spector, 2012). Within this time frame there was a joining in the area of industrial psychology linking both the field of engineering and the principles of psychology. Most of the people that helped with this area had some sort of background in the industry, some of these individuals also had a history in the law as well (Spector, 2012). The main purpose of industrial psychology would be to understand ones’ behavior in order to improve the selection of new employees and their training. The main purpose of organizational psychology would be to better understand ones’ behavior in order to better the satisfaction of employees as well as their well-being within the corporation. 2. Explain why industrial/organizational psychology should be considered a science. Include an explanation of how descriptive and inferential statistics are used in I/O research. Most Industrial and Organizational psychologists do several different positions in a wide variety of situations (Spector, 2012). Those psychologists whom concentrate on industrial and organizational psychology are generally separated between both scientific research and the different areas of practice. Due to Industrial and Organizational psychology being based upon research that is produced by precise information, Industrial and Organizational psychology relies upon scientific research (Spector, 2012). Though there are two different categories of industrial and organizational psychology, those individuals whom concentrate in the field are most likely to complete the jobs that crosses both of the areas. Most of the research is generally completed in either a college or a university type of setting where an Industrial or Organizational psychologists is working as an instructor. I feel as though that Industrial and Organizational psychology could be considered to be a science because research is a main activity that industrial and organizational psychologists perform. One of the main contributions that have been given by researchers to this field of psychology would be the advancement in methods that are used to both select as well as train new employees (Spector, 2012). Their research is also used in order to solve any issues that a company may be going through. 3. Discuss the influence industrial/organization psychology has had on organizations. Provide examples. Industrial and Organizational grew due to the World War l. Whenever America appeared in World War l there were industrial and organizational psychologists that were called on in order to create a plan for recruits, psychological evaluations, and also to be used as a method when it came to selecting people for certain jobs in the military. The duo of psychologists that were working with the military was ran by Robert Yerkes (Spector, 2012). The most well-known success of this group of psychologists would be the creation of both the Army Beta as well as the Army Alpha tests that tested ones mental abilities. Two main things that helped to influence the field of industrial and organizational psychology in America was the Americans with Disabilities Act in the year of 1990 as well as the passage of the Civil Rights Act in the year of 1964 (Spector, 2012). Though these two main events helped the field of industrial and organizational psychology be shaped, research from both fields helped to produce very helpful information that helped industrial and organizational psychologists to improve their workplace.

Violence in Video Games

Violence in Video Games Across the globe, the use of video games has been on the rise since they first hit the market. These video games are designed on various platforms thereby targeting their usage amongst children, teenagers as well as young adults. Playing video games occupies a big part of the way they spend their free time and some have even ended up being addicted to playing video games. This has raised an alarm especially considering the influence they might have on the young minds.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Violence in Video Games specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Video games that involve violence and combat have elicited reactions from different circles like the regulatory bodies and experts on mental issues who argue that they should be restricted since they might have a negative influence on the kids prompting them to engage in violent crimes. Upon this concern being raised, various studies have been conducted see king to show a relationship between video games that involve violence and existence of violent behavior amongst the young people. Video games hit the market in 1970’s but the graphics were very simple and were not as combative. Games such as Pacman were built on a simple platform that would not be termed as excessively violent. The video gaming field was later to be revolutionized in the 1990’s as technology advancements allowed for more descriptive and detailed graphical images most notable being the ability to view blood as fluid and making killing look as it happens in the real world. This marked the entrance of video games such as ‘Mortal Kombat’ which allowed the video game player to enter a killing mission. The alarming nature of the violent video games elicited reactions from the law makers prompting the U.S congress to issue a regulation seeking to have the game developers come up with a way to rate them in the basis of age limit. This did little t o halt the developers’ efforts to come up with advanced video games with the next innovation being more interactive 3-dimensional violent scenes where the user was able to be placed in the middle of the battle as the ‘first person shooter’. The trend has since continued with more and more combative video games being invented and used by the young people and the situation has further been fueled by the rise in the usage of internet.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Studies conducted on this field in the past resulted in arguments with some showing that there is a relationship in playing violent video games and aggressive behavior while other studies showed mixed outcomes. Most of the research however showed that violent video games brought about aggressive personalities. These studies were backed by recent cases of violent cases in schools e.g. th e 1993 case of Columbine High School where two students (Eric and Dylan) went on a killing spree and in the end shot 12 students and a teacher. The two were said to be addicts of ‘Doom’, a violent video game. Further evidence to link the two was seen in the video they had recorded just before they went on the killing rampage where they mentioned the â€Å"Doom’ video game. Several other cases of young people going on shooting rampages have been reported and substantial evidence given to prove the link between the murders and playing violent video games (Ferguson 30). To try and explain the relationship between violent video games and aggression amongst the users, experimental, correlation and longitudinal methods have been used. Experimental research studies have only so far shown that playing violent video games only arouses a temporary short lived arousal of aggressive behavior. In correlation studies where the participants are required to fill in forms, the a im is to investigate the effect violent video games may have on personality and behavior. Correlation studies are said to be influenced by one recalling past influences but all in all the final results have indicated that violent video games result in hostility and aggressiveness. Young people who are regular users of violent video games are likely to engage in more physical confrontations. Longitudinal studies involve the study population being observed in their natural living patterns. These have shown mixed results concerning the relationship between playing violent video games and aggressive behavior. The immediate point to note is that such studies are open to a lot of influences with the biggest being that the subjects being studied are also exposed to other violent influences like Film and Television making it hard to point out the video games influence alone (Kooijmans 3). Results from the various study methods have indicated a considerable amount of correlation between play ing violent video games and aggression behavior leading to an increase in the criminal episodes reported amongst the users. Due to lack of a clear cut link on the influence of violent video games alone, calls have been made for a theoretical framework to be designed that will best explain the correlation.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Violence in Video Games specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The recent greatest contribution in this area is the development of the general aggression model (GAM) by Anderson and Bushman in 2002. The model explains a person’s resultant internal state e.g. aggression by looking at the how the differences in personalities and situations come into play when considering the effect playing violent video games might have (Shin 6). The model explains that aggressive behavior is the resultant decision made by a person after thoughts, feelings and arousals interact. GAM model exp lains that playing violent video games produces effects that are both short lived and long-term effects. Playing violent video games in short term leads to aggressive thoughts, aggressive feelings and a feeling of violent arousal. These only contribute to aggressive behavior temporarily. In long term, playing violent video games leads to steady development of violent beliefs and formation of aggressive attitudes. This leads to formation of aggressive behavioral thinking which eventually becomes a normal way of thinking causing the young person to be insensitive to aggression which makes them view it as a normal way of life. Most young people undergoing puberty have a lot of biological changes that go on in them. As a result, as they grow mentally owing to environmental influences, the effects of violent video games may be incorporated as their minds go through the GAM model processes resulting in an aggressive lot. Violent video games have therefore been linked to the rise in cases of school shooters who go killing sprees as well as bullying in schools (Anderson and Gentile 2008). Video games are in this age being developed with focus on appealing to the target population which is the children, adolescents and the youths who are in their early adulthood. This has been inspired by the recognition that more and more young people have been taking to playing video games during their free time and the facts are proven by the massive increase in video games sales by the owner companies. According to Anderson, Gentile, and Buckley, as competition between companies in selling video games intensifies, they have resulted in innovative ways of designing the video games which has ended in a lot of arguably undesirable content in the video games (123). When violent video games hit the market in the 1970’s, the violence content was very minimal and the effects further suppressed by the fact that the graphics were not as developed.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More As time went on and technology advanced, it became possible to create simulations of the real life images making it possible to show killing as real. Nowadays the video games have been associated with certain characteristics which make them more appealing. They have become more interactive and hence addictive, and the environment in the gaming world is mediated for an appeal to the users. Most violent games nowadays have sessions where the game player exchanges messages with the game making it possible to include violent language use. The narratives in most violent games explain to the gamer the variety weaponry available for use while further explaining how to use them. This has increased the young people’s awareness of assault riffles and other weapons that can be used in violent scenes while further instructing them on how to use them (Porter and Starcevic 4). As the game developers struggle to stay ahead of the competition, more and more content has been added in the vide o games with the most notable one that have elicited mixed reactions being; graphic violence, sex acts, revealed nudity, blood filled violent scenes, and making taking criminal roles seem like a heroic act. Thanks to technological advancements, now graphic representations in the video games are now close to real life and so is the representation of violence. With clear graphics, now the young people are exposed to a lot of complicated violent moves that are executable in real life. Playing Grand Theft Auto series presents one with simulations of real life violent acts where the gamer can steal cars, knock down pedestrians, take an assault riffle and shoot down a whole city population by killing anyone in sight. Scenes in the gaming world filled with blood which increases the violent feel of the games. Some games have very elaborate manner of killing but exaggerated blood spills where to mark a victim who’s been hit and died, blood splashes. The recently introduced Suda51†™s No More heroes on the once considered non violent gaming world Nintendo, is made up of scenes where the gamer crashes the targets limbs and includes a lot of blood splattering (Pramath 2010). In quite a number of video games today, scenes of people exposing their partial or fully nude bodies have become very common. This corrupts the young people’s minds. The line was however crossed when games surfaced involving pure sexual acts. A certain gaming company took the idea further and incorporated use of violence in the game. RapeLay, a game that hit the stores in 2006 sees the gamer take the role of a rapist and goes on a mission to violently undress and forcefully get sexual favors from unwilling victims in a crowded train. A certain level requires the gamer to take the role of the rapist and rape a woman and then two of her young daughters. Such a video game clearly soils the mind of the young people and makes rape look like a fun activity. In most of the violent video ga mes today, the user takes up the role of a criminal. The mission is committing a series of criminal acts while earning points for each successful act. In Hitman Contracts, the game player takes the role of a hired killer who is sent on a mission to kill a certain high profile individual. You must in the process kill the soldiers among other crimes in order to earn maximum points. The heroic deeds praised in most violent video games give the young people’s minds an impression that one should commit crime to feel heroic (Pramath 2010). Some violent games have been made with the ideas based on current points of conflict amongst states. After the September 11 attacks of the U.S by the Alqaeda terrorists, numerous games were developed with their story line revolving around terrorism. Most of them however sees the gamer take up the role of a terrorist and sends them on a mission armed with heavy weapons which enable them to bomb cities and buildings. Breeding a young lot that sees terrorism as a heroic deed really serves little to fight the act itself. Other games have story lines that elevate current conflicts. Postal 2 has scenes that seek to display the fall out of the nuclear bans between the U.S and North Korea while other games show the heroic deeds of using nuclear bombs. Some violent video games have caused a stir due to their abusive nature of a respected concept such as racial differences and respect for religious belief of honoring our dead. Left 4 Dead 2 came under much criticism for its story that revolves around killing zombies. These zombies are African-Americans which makes it clear that the issue of racial discrimination may be supported in this game. Religious beliefs also dictate on the respect of the dead who are represented as Zombies in this game. This does much harm for the young minds and can shoot down the efforts to raise religious kids (Pramath 2010). Despite the continued cries to restrict a number of violent video games and issue regulatory measures, more and more video games keeps on coming up and which seek to bring in new concepts. Some games have been totally banned in some countries owing to their nature to possibly corrupt minds including the young people and touching on sensitive issues that touch on a particular country. However their sales still continue in other countries prompting for production of more games. Companies that develop these video games are in business at competition increases as more companies come up but the population keeps demanding for more and better ones. This pushes the companies to come up with new video games that bring in new concepts or are fiercer than their competitions. This way the flow of the violent video games continues as more are put in the market Cooper and Mackie (730), Owing to the established influence of the violent video games on the children, parents are faced with the burden of bringing up kids whose minds have been spoilt by aggressive tendencies picked from the video games. As parents embark on the all important role of parenting their kids, they should be aware of the influences shaping the child’s behavior and take direct action to control it. Several discussions in the recent past have been directed on the influence violent media content has on the kids and experts have pointed out violent video games in particular as having the most influence. Anderson and Bushman attributed this to the fact that playing video games creates an interactive atmosphere as well as requiring the gamer to play the major role in the violent scenes as opposed to a passive role in watching violent films. Parents therefore should know this and be in a position to control the content in the video games their kids play. As a parent it is also very important to be always aware of what stage your child is in development phase. This way you will be better positioned in deciding the information they take in and the effect it will have on them. This is because young people are in a stage where their form of learning is mainly experiential and their behavior is shaped by observing, imitating and adapting to the prevailing environment. Exposure to such experiences as playing violent video games can lead the young people in mimicking the roles taken in the games thereby resulting in aggressive behavior (6). The understanding of the issues raised concerning the effects of violent video games, numerous studies have conducted on the subject with several models being developed to explain the effects. Most results have indicated a negative influence of playing violent video games arguing that they contribute to elevate aggressiveness. It is however evident from other findings that there have been reported some positive correlation between playing violent video games and children’s behavior. Skoric, Teo, and Neo, stated that violent video games arguably act as an avenue for the young people to relieve their aggressive behavior there by resulting in calm non-rebellious kids. Playing video games also act as a social activity where the child can interact with peers as they play the games. Other positive results reported from playing video games include improved hand-eye coordination and ability not to be distracted and attention to details. A combination of these factors has been said to better academic performance for kids who play violent video games. This justifies why playing violent video games is still a very valid option for raise a better kid (6). In taking active roles to regulate their child’s learning experiences and filter the contents of the video games, parents can make several efforts. It is important to check the video game for the rating which establishes whether it is appropriate for the kid’s age. This has been made possible by establishment of regulation seeking to have all video game developers provide rating for each game which restricts usage according to age limit. Let the vid eo playing sessions be within an area where you can monitor the kids as they play and if possible make attempts to play with them so as to understand the game content. Limit the amount of time spent playing video games to reduce attachment and negative influence. Encourage the kids to interact with their peers by participating in other extra curricular activities other than playing video games online (Sisson 5). In conclusion, although there has not been established clear evidence as to whether violent video games cause aggressive behavior, many studies have pointed out toward a possible link between the two. Everyone is however in agreement that the violent video games are in compromise of morals and expose the young kids to in appropriate content. Further studies will however need to be done to support the issue of negative effects since some studies have shown that it is beneficial to the young minds. Anderson, Craig, and Douglas Gentile. â€Å"Violent Video Game Feed Aggressio n in Kids in Japan and U.S.† Science Daily, 2008. Print. Anderson, Craig, Douglas Gentile, and Katherine Buckley. Violent Video Game Effects on Children and Adolescents: Theory, Research, and Policy. New York: Oxford University Press, 2007. Print. Anderson, Craig, and Brad Bushman. â€Å"Effects of violent Video Games on Aggressive Behavior, Aggressive Cognition, Aggressive Effect, Physiological Arousal, and Prosocial Behavior: A Meta-analytic Review of Scientific Literature.† Psychological Science, 2001. Print Cooper, James, and David Mackie. â€Å"Video Games and Aggression in Children.† Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 1986. Print Ferguson, Christopher. â€Å"The School Shooting/Violent Video Link: Causal Relationship or Moral Panic.† Journal of Investigative Psychology and Offender Profiling, 2008. Print. Kooijmans, Thomas. â€Å"Effects of Video Games on Aggressive Thoughts and Behaviors During Development.† Great Ideas in Personality, 200 4. Print. Porter, Guy, and Vladan, Starcevic. â€Å"Are Violent Video Games Harmful?† Australian Psychiatry, 2007. Print. Pramath, Gregory. â€Å"Top Six Video Games Censored Because of Violent Content.† Gamingbolt. Gamingbolt, 2010. Print. Shin, Grace. â€Å"Video Games: A Cause of Violence and Aggression.† Journal of American Psychological Association, 2008). Print. Sisson, John. â€Å"Violent Video Games and Young People.† Harvard Mental Health Letter, 2010. Print. Skoric, Marko, Linda Teo, Rachel Neo. â€Å"Children and Video Games: Addiction, Engagement, and Scholastic Achievement.† Cyber Psychology and Behavior, 2005. Print.

Free Essays on Roles Of Parenting

Adolescence: Whose Hell is It? Essay written by: uhcroll Throughout the article, â€Å"Adolescence: Whose Hell is It?† by Virginia Rutter, there is an astonishing analysis on the way teens behave today and how parents are responding to their behavior in return. Rutter points out that as the adolescent rates of depression, suicide, substance abuse, delinquency, sexual activity, and health problems drastically increase, there are too few parents who are responding to the needs of their adolescent children. Parents are clearly the most influential models outside of the school, which can altar the amount of success in the classroom. The author discusses how adolescents are emotionally and mentally separate from both children and adults because they can’t reason like adults, however they think more maturely than children. In this scenario it is very easy for a parent to continue to treat their teenage son or daughter like a child, which could lead to an early decaying relationship with the parent. Within American society, kids entering into their adolescent years usually bring a social stigma that culturally depicts teenagers as rebellious and lazy youths. Rutter explains that parents also continue to carry this social stigma with their own children. A report within the article stated that teens overall still have high levels of respect towards their parents. However, â€Å"when fighting does occur, it’s in families with younger teenagers, and it has to do at least in part with their burgeoning cognitive abilities† (Rutter 119). Rutter also explains that while teenagers naturally develop a surge of hormonal activity during the first few years of adolescence, there can tend to be more aggression and depression within the adolescent. However, Rutter believes that it is the parents who truly effect the way the teenager thinks and acts. The relationship through parents and their adolescent children will always be a mutual one. If... Free Essays on Roles Of Parenting Free Essays on Roles Of Parenting Adolescence: Whose Hell is It? Essay written by: uhcroll Throughout the article, â€Å"Adolescence: Whose Hell is It?† by Virginia Rutter, there is an astonishing analysis on the way teens behave today and how parents are responding to their behavior in return. Rutter points out that as the adolescent rates of depression, suicide, substance abuse, delinquency, sexual activity, and health problems drastically increase, there are too few parents who are responding to the needs of their adolescent children. Parents are clearly the most influential models outside of the school, which can altar the amount of success in the classroom. The author discusses how adolescents are emotionally and mentally separate from both children and adults because they can’t reason like adults, however they think more maturely than children. In this scenario it is very easy for a parent to continue to treat their teenage son or daughter like a child, which could lead to an early decaying relationship with the parent. Within American society, kids entering into their adolescent years usually bring a social stigma that culturally depicts teenagers as rebellious and lazy youths. Rutter explains that parents also continue to carry this social stigma with their own children. A report within the article stated that teens overall still have high levels of respect towards their parents. However, â€Å"when fighting does occur, it’s in families with younger teenagers, and it has to do at least in part with their burgeoning cognitive abilities† (Rutter 119). Rutter also explains that while teenagers naturally develop a surge of hormonal activity during the first few years of adolescence, there can tend to be more aggression and depression within the adolescent. However, Rutter believes that it is the parents who truly effect the way the teenager thinks and acts. The relationship through parents and their adolescent children will always be a mutual one. If...

Communiction Theories Ch. 25 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Communiction Theories Ch. 25 - Essay Example nment, income distribution, time use, health condition, community vitality, psychological well being, good governance, ecological resilience, and cultural diversity (Snyder, 1992). In one of the international GNH meeting, some of the preliminary results regarding the factors, which are important for an individual’s happiness and the tracking of the changes in GNH, were revealed. Consequently, such factors as modern household equipment, household income, high positive emotions, amount of land owned, low negative emotions, good physical and mental health, regular socialization, meditation, education qualification, and trust were highlighted to be important factors leading to the happiness in the Bhutanese life. From the revelation of these factors, the institutions that can support and look into such other finer factors like trustworthiness, positive emotions, socialization, meditation, and personal health should be put in place. This will ensure that the resources are directed to where they are needed. Happiness deconstruction also calls for people to understand it as the most significant end of society in any government (Snyder, 1992). Considering the issue of consumer behavior in economics, the findings based on preferences and rational choices were considered sufficient metric showing people’s desires. However, the findings have been found to have limitations, since it is not true that whatever someone pays reveals the choice and preference. The person may have had financial constraints, and therefore, had no otherwise but to pay. In this case, such things as lack of information concerning alternatives, ideology, and addiction are blamed for shaping the choices in adverse way, hence-preventing proper choice making. Because of this deconstruction, our understanding on the effect of ideology in shaping our choices is likely to broaden (Snyder,

Legal Aspects of Mergers and Acquisitions in Business Research Paper

Legal Aspects of Mergers and Acquisitions in Business - Research Paper Example If ABC wants to acquire Smith Bicycle Company, a private seller, it is vital to consider the two ways of acquiring the company. The first way of acquiring the business is by buying shares in the company that owns the business (Gole & Morris, 115). The second way of acquiring the company is through purchasing the assets of the company, which comprises the business. It is imperative to state that in this situation, the company is the seller, and it will thereby sell some or the entire assets to the buyer. It is worth denoting that share sales structure the majority of the acquisitions. A variety of factors may affect the structure used. Occasionally, it is vital to restructure the business or company before its sale in order to allow for proper acquisition. In the case of Smith Company, it is imperative to state that tax implications tremendously determine the structure of a transaction for both the buyer and sellers. Their interests may conflict particularly when achieving the vast be neficial tax outcome. Moreover, where sellers are individuals, there is a likelihood that the sellers will favor a share sale in order to circumvent a latent double tax charge (Gole & Morris, 116). This tax charge comprises of an initial tax charge on the company during the sale of assets to the buyer, and an additional tax charge on the shareholders of the company, when they pull out the sale profits from the company. Since tax immensely proves as a critical determining factor towards the structure of a deal, it is vital for the buyer and seller to obtain specialist tax advice. Based on the share sale, the buyer acquires the company together with all its â€Å"assets, liabilities, and obligations† (Gole & Morris, 118). This offers the sellers a suitable break, as, after the sale of the company, they will cease to have direct conscientiousness for the company. The buyer will thus owe any prevailing liability under the terms of warranties and indemnities agreed upon in the sal e and purchase agreement. Based on business sale, there is only an acquisition of assets and liabilities purchased by the buyer, implying that everything else remains with the company (Gole & Morris, 118). If the buyer suspects of unknown liabilities within the company or troubled by any business aspect, the buyer prefers to structure the deal as a business sale. It is worth denoting that there exist more realistic and marketable issues to assert on a business sale other than on share sale. Based on the share sale, there is an only a transfer of ownership of the company shares. It is imperative to state that while there is a change on the shareholders of the company, the assets that are inclusive of business contracts and licenses remain with the company. From the outside, there is minimal change as customers and suppliers will continue dealing with the company. However, certain contracts such as financing contracts in conjunction with other long-term agreements at times require the consent of the other party after planning of change of company’s ownership (Gole & Morris, 120). It is critical to identify such contracts earlier in the acquisition process.